Mammography
Mammography is a low-dose X-ray examination of the breasts. It can detect breast cancer at an early stage, sometimes years before a lump can be felt, when treatment is simpler and more effective. It is also used to investigate a lump, pain, nipple discharge or skin changes in the breast.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Cameroon, and many women still arrive at hospital when the disease is advanced. At YGOPH, mammography is performed in our radiology department and is often combined with breast ultrasound. Screening mammography is recommended from the age of 40, or earlier for women at higher risk, and is promoted each year during Octobre Rose.
What happens during a mammogram?
You undress to the waist and stand in front of the machine. A radiographer positions each breast in turn between two plates that press it firmly for a few seconds while the image is taken. Compression spreads the tissue so that small abnormalities can be seen with the lowest possible dose. Two views of each breast are usually taken, and the examination lasts about 15 to 20 minutes.
- Screening for women from age 40, or earlier if at higher risk
- A breast lump or thickening
- Nipple discharge, dimpling of the skin or a nipple that turns inwards
- A family history of breast or ovarian cancer
- Follow-up after breast cancer treatment
Good to know
Mammography and breast ultrasound
In young women, breast tissue is dense and ultrasound is often the first examination. From about 40, mammography becomes the main test, and ultrasound is frequently added to clarify a finding. Together, they give the radiologist the most complete picture. If an abnormality is found, a fine-needle aspiration or a biopsy may be recommended.
Understanding your report
Radiologists classify findings using the BI-RADS system, from 1 (normal) and 2 (benign finding) to higher categories that require closer follow-up or a biopsy. Most women who are asked to come back for further images do not have cancer. Your doctor will explain your result and the next steps.