Fine-Needle Aspiration (FNA) Cytology
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a simple way to find out what a lump is made of. A very thin needle collects a few cells, which a pathologist examines under the microscope. In many cases, FNA can tell whether a lump is an infection, a cyst, a benign growth or a cancer, without an operation.
At YGOPH, FNA is performed by our anatomical pathology department on Tuesdays and Thursdays. It is most often used for breast lumps, thyroid nodules and swollen lymph nodes in children and adults, including when tuberculosis of the lymph nodes is suspected. Results are usually available in about two days and are sent to your doctor.
What happens during an FNA?
You sit or lie comfortably while the skin over the lump is cleaned. The doctor inserts a fine needle, similar to the one used for blood tests, into the lump and gently moves it to collect cells, sometimes several times. For lumps that are deep or hard to feel, the sample may be taken under ultrasound guidance. The cells are spread on slides, stained and examined. The procedure takes about 10 to 15 minutes.
- A breast lump found by you or your doctor
- A thyroid nodule or swelling in the neck
- Enlarged lymph nodes that persist, in children or adults
- Suspected tuberculosis of the lymph nodes
- A lump under the skin or in the soft tissues
Good to know
FNA or biopsy?
FNA is quicker, cheaper and less invasive than a surgical biopsy, and it is often enough to reach a diagnosis. Sometimes, however, the sample does not contain enough cells or the result is uncertain. In that case, your doctor may recommend a repeat FNA or a core needle or surgical biopsy, which provides a larger piece of tissue.
After the procedure
You can go home straight away and resume normal activities. A small bruise or slight tenderness may appear for a day or two. Contact the hospital if you notice increasing swelling, redness or fever. The report is sent to the doctor who requested the test, who will explain the results and the next steps.