Semen Analysis (Spermogram)
Infertility concerns both partners, and in up to half of couples who struggle to conceive, a male factor contributes. Semen analysis, or spermogram, is the first test for assessing male fertility. It measures the quantity and quality of the sperm and of the fluid that carries them.
At YGOPH, semen analysis is performed by our anatomical pathology laboratory and requested by our gynaecologists and andrology clinic as part of a couple's fertility assessment. It is also useful for men with a history of genital infection, mumps affecting the testicles, varicocele or surgery in the genital area. The test is simple, private and painless.
What does a spermogram measure?
The laboratory measures the volume and pH of the semen, the concentration and total number of sperm, the proportion that move forward actively (motility), the proportion with a normal shape (morphology) and the proportion that are alive (vitality). It also looks for white cells, which may indicate infection. Results are compared with the World Health Organization's reference values for human semen.
- A couple trying to conceive for 12 months without success, or 6 months if the woman is over 35
- Previous genital infections or testicular problems
- Mumps affecting the testicles, varicocele or surgery in the genital area
- Follow-up after treatment for male infertility
Good to know
Collecting the sample
Abstain from ejaculation for 3 to 5 days before the test. The sample is collected by masturbation into a sterile container provided by the laboratory, ideally in a private room on site. Do not use lubricants or ordinary condoms, which can harm sperm. If you collect the sample at home, keep it close to body temperature and bring it within 30 to 60 minutes.
Understanding the results
According to the WHO, lower reference limits include a sperm concentration of 16 million per millilitre and 30% of sperm with progressive motility. Results below these values do not mean that conception is impossible. Because sperm quality varies over time, an abnormal result is usually repeated after about three months before conclusions are drawn.
Next steps
Your doctor will explain the results and may request further tests, such as hormone tests, a semen culture or an ultrasound of the testicles. Many causes of male infertility can be treated, and couples can be referred for assisted reproduction when needed.